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Research Doc. 1994-01 |
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- Authors(s):
Z. Koono, Behrouz H. Far, T. Sugimoto, M. Ohmori and Hui Chen,
- Title:
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"A Systematic Approach for Design Knowledge Acquisition
from Documents,"
- Transactions/Magazines/Conferences:
- Proc. The Third Japanese Knowledge Acquisition for
Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop (JKAW '94),
Saitama, Japan, November 7 - 9, 1994.
- Abstract
- This paper reports on a design knowledge acquisition method by design documents, together with an automatic software design. This automatic software design has been studied to respond to industrial needs. It takes several industrial experiences into account where some might be unfamiliar. Section I describes several of such prerequisites, such as extensive use of design documents. In Section 2, the automatic software design system is overviewed. and techniques and results are explained. The principle of extracting design knowledge is explained, and lowest level flow chart design and higher level data flow design is reported. Other examples of high level design rules are explained, and the structure of design knowledge is discussed. As a result of systematic extraction from a systematic design work process, the acquired design knowledge takes hierarchical structure, and each layer of which consists of both data flow type and control type knowledge. Reproduction of design by experts systems are described. Due to the systematic structure of design knowledge, expert systems have been systematically developed with ease. Besides these working design knowledge for detailing, there is another type of design knowledge for recognizing, deciding and directing design. As a result of these studies, it is pointed out that commonality exists in software design, hardware design, direct works, and also human business process in general.
- Original Language: English
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Research Doc. 1994-02 |
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- Authors(s): Z. Koono and Behrouz H. Far,
- Title:
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"Quantitative Design of a Software Development Process"
- Transactions/Magazines/Conferences:
- Software Quality Concern for People
(Fourth European Conference on Software Quality,
Basel, Switzerland, October 17-20, 1994, pp. 173-181.
- Abstract
- This paper gives a quantitative design of a software development process aiming at a target error rate. Software errors are built-in by human errors during design at a small rate, and various checks and tests are required to check-out them. Checks and tests also err by the human error rate. Quantitative relations between them have been obtained and explained. The way how to plan error rates at each work process based on past record is shown and the development of each countermeasure is discussed. Quantitative metrics and rational planning as well as accumulating experiences scientifically makes it possible to mature the software work process.
- Original Language: English
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Research Doc. 1994-03 |
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- Authors(s): Behrouz H. Far and Z. Koono,
- Title:
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"Using Specification and Description Language (SDL) for Capturing
and Reusing Human Experts' Knowledge,"
- Transactions/Magazines/Conferences:
- Proc. Application of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics to
Nuclear Plants (AIR '94),
Tokai, Japan, May 30-June 1, 1994.
- Abstract
- Conventional knowledge engineering techniques for acquiring experts'
knowledge can not produce quality knowledge due to improper
knowledge documentation and informal knowledge acquisition method.
We propose a new method for knowledge documentation and acquisition
using Specification and Description Language (SDL).
SDL is used to describe both the target system and the reasoning
process.
The main idea is to follow deterministic problem solving behavior of
human experts and document it. Then knowledge can be extracted by
comparing documents of the successive steps. This knowledge is
recorded and reused in similar or novel cases.
We present an implementation of this method in a tool for
software design. The implemented system consists of a SDL CASE tool
and an expert system for applying the design knowledge.
This system serves as an experimental platform for the study of human
design by simulating the design at the lowest level. However, we have
found that by acquiring enough domain knowledge, this system can
simulate general problem solving of human experts.
- Original Language: English
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Research Doc. 1994-04 |
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- Authors(s): H. Chen, Behrouz H. Far and Z. Koono,
- Title:
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"Software Creation: Reuse of Design Knowledge of
Switching Software,"
- Transactions/Magazines/Conferences:
- Proc. International Conference on Communication
Technology (ICCT' 94),
Shanghai, China, June 8-10, 1994, pp. 63-66.
- Abstract
- This paper describes the outline, the approach and current
status of the Software Creation project. The main idea is to
design software automatically by simulating human designers,
and reuse the design knowledge in a hierarchically
organized work process. The presently implemented system
consists of a SDL-based software design tool and an expert
system. The performance of this system is improved gradually by
learning from human design. Experiments on designing switching
software are reported. Presently, this system converts the initial
design input to 60-150 times source code.
- Original Language: English
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Research Doc. 1994-05 |
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- Authors(s): Z. Koono, T. Sugimoto, T. Tanaka and Behrouz H. Far,
- Title:
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"A Systematic Approach for Acquisition of Human
Design Knowledge,"
- Transactions/Magazines/Conferences:
- Proc. Japan-CIS Symposium on Knowledge-Based Software Engineering,
JCKBSE' 94, Pereslavel-Zalesski, Russia, May 10-14, 1994, pp. 243-249.
- Abstract
- Abstract. This paper reports a systematic acquisition of design knowledge in a systematically standardized work process. Through various cases, the target structure and the design work processes are standardized to be hierarchical. In such an environment, software documents include design knowledge. A systematic way for acquiring design knowledge from
documents is introduced.
- Original Language: English
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Research Doc. 1994-06 |
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- Authors(s): Behrouz H. Far, T. Tanaka, T. Sugimoto and Z. Koono,
- Title:
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"A Systematic Approach for Implementation of Human Design Knowledge
in Automatic Software Design,"
- Transactions/Magazines/Conferences:
- Proc. Japan-CIS Symposium on Knowledge-Based Software Engineering,
JCKBSE' 94, Pereslavel-Zalesski, Russia, May 10-14, 1994, pp. 261-266.
- Abstract
- This paper introduces a systematic approach towards implementation
of software design knowledge of a team of human design experts,
using cooperative expert system technology.
The focus is on reuse of the design knowledge that a single expert
possesses when contributing to a design shared among a number of
experts.
We propose a structure for expert systems that combines
function detailing and data detailing for a team of
human experts through interactions and negotiations among units.
- Original Language: English
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Research Doc. 1994-07 |
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- Authors(s): Z. Koono and Behrouz H. Far,
- Title:
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"Structural Way of Thinking for Attaining Reliable Software,"
- Transactions/Magazines/Conferences:
- Proc. Supercomm ICC' 94,
New Orleans, LA, USA, May 1-5, 1994, pp. 1772-1778.
- Abstract
- This paper describes quantitative relations of software errors from
the view point of human errors, and gives a design planning method
for attaining a high reliability software. The software design
process is a huge chain of human mental processing, during which
inevitable human errors occur. By separating build-in and check-out
errors, clear characteristics may be obtained, and quantitative
measurements are possible. Checks and tests are another type of
design suffering also from human errors. Various data are shown to
establish quantitative relationships. The quantitative quality
design of software development process is introduced.
- Original Language: English
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Research Doc. 1994-08 |
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- Authors(s):
Behrouz H. Far, T. Takizawa, M. Ohmori, T. Baba, Y. Yamasaki and Z. Koono,
- Title:
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"Merging CASE Tools with Knowledge-Based Technology in an
Expert System for Automatic Software Design,"
- Transactions/Magazines/Conferences:
- Proc. Japan/Korea Joint Conference on Expert Systems (JKJCES' 94),
Tokyo, Japan, March 23-25, 1994, pp. 239-244.
- Abstract
- An approach towards developing a Knowledge Based Software Engineering
(KBSE) tool by merging a conventional CASE tool with the expert system
technology is introduced. This is found useful in assisting human
designers. Experimental expert systems CREATOR2 and CREATOR3 are
introduced and applied to design of switching software.
The CREATOR2 has the following features: representing software design
knowledge, composed of design product knowledge and
design process knowledge, using frame technology; and integrating
knowledge based reasoning techniques with a SDL CASE tool.
CREATOR3 is an extension of the CREATOR2 system. It enables one with
additional design schemas for splitting a process, adding events, etc.,
and additional representation power, such as using pictorial elements
and designers' comments in the frame representation. This leads to a
uniform modeling and advanced reasoning environment for software design.
Experiments on designing switching software are reported.
- Original Language: English
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Research Doc. 1994-09 |
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- Authors(s): Behrouz H. Far, T. Takizawa and Z. Koono,
- Title:
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"Software Creation: An Expert System for Reproducing Human Cognitive
Processes in Automatic Software Design,"
- Transactions/Magazines/Conferences:
- Proc. World Congress on Expert Systems' 94,
Estoril, Lisbon, Portugal, January 10-14, 1994.
- Abstract
- The prime goals of this project are (1) developing an automatic software design system that aims at reproducing human cognitive processes; (2) automating software design by shifting the prototyping and modifications to higher design levels rather than source code. Particularly, this paper introduces an experimental expert system CREATOR2 for automatic design of switching software. Basic features of this system are: object-oriented (OO) representation of the design process knowledge, composed of design rules for detailing, and tacit knowledge; using multiple strategies in applying this knowledge; and integrating it with a SDL CASE tool. This leads to having a uniform modeling and advanced reasoning environment for software design. Experiments on designing switching software are reported. Presently, the CREATOR2 system together with an SDL CASE tool offers 60-100 times the code expansion rate.
- Original Language: English
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Research Doc. 1994-10 |
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- Authors(s): Behrouz H. Far, 田中 俊夫, 河野 善彌,
- Title:
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"ソフトウェア設計における設計知識の体系的な構築法,"
(A Systematic Approach for Implementation of Human Design Knowledge
in Automatic Software Design),
(in Japanese),
- Transactions/Magazines/Conferences:
- 1994年度人工知能学会 (第8回) 全国大会,
Tokyo, Japan, 1994, pp. 439-442.
- Abstract
- 従来の設計知識獲得の基本的な弱点はインフォーマルな知識ドキュメンテーションであり，知識ベースの品質と信頼性を向上するのは極めて難しかった．本研究ではまず設計知識を細かく記録してドキュメントを作ることから始まって，そのドキュメントにより新知識獲得方式を提案した．今回は，自動生成方式を踏襲し，対象を従来のフローチャート図レベルからデータフローレベルに拡張し，設計を再現した．体系的な知識抽出の結果として構成したCREATOR4.2を構築した．これにより，従来のフローチャートレベルの詳細化では機能だけを扱っていたが，データと機能の両方を扱うことにより上流の設計に対応できるものにすることができた．
- Original Language: Japanese
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Research Doc. 1994-11 |
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- Authors(s): 河野 善彌, Behrouz H. Far, 杉本 崇,
- Title:
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"設計知識の系統的な獲得,"
(A Method for Acquiring Systematic Design Knowledge),
(in Japanese),
- Transactions/Magazines/Conferences:
- 1994年度人工知能学会 (第8回) 全国大会,
Tokyo, Japan, 1994, pp. 443-446.
- Abstract
- This paper reports a systematic method for acquisition of design knowledge. In software design, design documents includes design product knowledge at each phase. By providing documents aparting small progress of design, the lowest level design process knowledge may be extracted from the difference between two successive documents. Higher level design process knowledge may also be reproduced from documents. Thus acquired design process knowledge is a replica of the original design work process used. The extraction may be made reliably, systematically and by any people. The discussions on thus gained design knowledge are made. Each knowledge unit consists of a data now and the control flow. The lowest level knowledge is mainly hierarchical conversions in data now, while the top level knowledge is Finite State Machine with state transition diagrams. The overall knowledge system consists of hierarchical composite of such Extended Finite State Machines.
- Original Language: Japanese
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Research Doc. 1994-12 |
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- Authors(s): 河野 善彌, Behrouz H. Far, 馬場 健, 大森 麻理,
- Title:
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"交換制御ソフト設計における人間による情報交換の研究 --
通信ソフト開発エキスパートシステム化の基礎研究,"
- Transactions/Magazines/Conferences:
- 第８号電気通信普及財団研究調査報告書, 整理番号 91-01050,
pp. 1-15, 1994.
- Abstract
- 現在、多くの技術基盤がコンピュータ関係の技術革新の大きな影響を受けてソフトウエア化されつつあり、産業界はソフトウエア危機に直面している。通信ソフトウエアの代表的な存在である電話交換ソフトウエアシステムのソースコード規模はおおよそ百万行の桁に達し、いわゆる「保守」（毎年の機能変更拡張）は数十万行の作業規模になっている。本論文はかような問題に対する解を求める研究の報告である。
- Original Language: Japanese
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Research Doc. 1994-13 |
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- Authors(s): 河野 善彌, Behrouz H. Far,
- Title:
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"ソフトウェア開発プロセスの構造,"
(Structure of Software Development Process),
(in Japanese),
- Transactions/Magazines/Conferences:
- 情報処理学会,ソフトウェア工学研究報告 98-05,
Tokyo, Japan, May 1994, pp. 33-40.
- Abstract
- この報告は，ソフトウエア開発作業の構造についてその特性を外部から捕えて統一地に説明する事を試み，終わりに内部すなわち知的作業で捕え、両者が同じ事に帰すると報告している。人の作業を環境等を含めて「作業工程」として外部的に捕え階層性を前提として作業を外側から見るが，階層展開により幾らでも群しくできる。作業は繰り返しを考え。資源消費や誤り率などに反復特性とバラツキがでる、適当な原単位をとると，関係する指標値が一定性を示す。これを用い，作業工数や誤りについて統一的に合理的で定量的な計測／計画／監視／評価ができ，進化も説明できる。設計内部の知識を抽出した結果は，上の外側から見える所と一致する。かような考え方はソフトウエア、設計に限らず一般の作業に適用できると思われる。
- Original Language: Japanese
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- Authors(s): 大森 麻理, Behrouz H. Far, 河野 善彌,
- Title:
- "ソフトウェアクリエーション: 交換接続プログラムの準正常
ルートの設計検討,"
(Software Creation: Design of Quasi-normal Route of Switching
Service Program),
(in Japanese),
- Transactions/Magazines/Conferences:
- 1994年度電子情報通信学会 春季大会,
(in proc. IEICE Spring Conf.),
Tokyo, Japan, March 1994, pp. 3/126.
- Abstract
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- Original Language: Japanese
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